* Link for Plots (now showing here for some reason) http://3dimensionaldesigningandmanufacturing.blogspot.com/2015/07/plots-for-comparison-between-lift-and.html
Following data was obtained from the CFD Simulations carried out in
SolidWorks Flow Simulation Premium.
Project:
Design of a Wing/Blade with Tubercles for Airplanes and/or Turbines
Without Tubercles
|
|
|
|
|
|
Air Speed in Km/h
|
Lift in N
|
Drag in N
|
150
|
46.307
|
14.775
|
140
|
39.942
|
12.917
|
130
|
33.432
|
11.057
|
120
|
28.807
|
9.498
|
110
|
24.234
|
7.928
|
100
|
20.593
|
6.625
|
90
|
15.836
|
5.352
|
80
|
12.482
|
4.205
|
70
|
9.411
|
3.243
|
60
|
7.272
|
2.406
|
50
|
4.873
|
1.680
|
40
|
3.130
|
1.082
|
30
|
1.763
|
0.612
|
20
|
0.810
|
0.279
|
10
|
0.231
|
0.072
|
With Tubercles
|
|
|
|
|
|
Air Speed in Km/h
|
Lift in N
|
Drag in N
|
150
|
50.616
|
11.360
|
140
|
48.131
|
10.008
|
130
|
37.190
|
8.505
|
120
|
30.988
|
7.309
|
110
|
24.784
|
6.079
|
100
|
20.892
|
5.094
|
90
|
17.225
|
4.146
|
80
|
13.412
|
3.287
|
70
|
9.955
|
2.507
|
60
|
7.444
|
1.849
|
50
|
4.955
|
1.286
|
40
|
2.991
|
0.828
|
30
|
1.652
|
0.468
|
20
|
0.725
|
0.212
|
10
|
0.214
|
0.057
|
Comparison
between Lift and Drag
Air Speed in Km/h
|
Percentage Less Drag
|
|
Percentage More Lift
|
150
|
23.113
|
|
8.513
|
140
|
22.520
|
|
17.014
|
130
|
23.080
|
|
10.105
|
120
|
22.974
|
|
7.038
|
110
|
23.322
|
|
2.219
|
100
|
23.109
|
|
1.431
|
90
|
22.534
|
|
8.064
|
80
|
21.831
|
|
6.934
|
70
|
22.695
|
|
5.465
|
60
|
23.150
|
|
2.311
|
50
|
23.452
|
|
1.655
|
40
|
23.475
|
|
-7.523
|
30
|
23.529
|
|
-6.719
|
20
|
24.014
|
|
-11.72
|
10
|
20.833
|
|
-7.94
|
|
|
|
|
It is clear that the wing with tubercles not only produces more lift at
a particular velocity but also less drag.
Data for the
Wing without Tubercles:
Wing Span: 1.07 m
Chord Length: 0.229 m
Air Velocity: 0-150 Km/h head on
Vertical Pitch: 0 Degree
Gravity Considered
Fluid: Dry Air at STP
Mesh Settings: Coarse (3/8)
Data for the
Wing with Tubercles:
Wing Span: 1.067 m
Chord Length Large: 0.229 m
Chord Length Small: 0.203 m
Air Velocity: 0-150 Km/h head on
Vertical Pitch: 0 Degree
Gravity Considered
Fluid: Dry Air at STP
Mesh Settings: Coarse (3/8)
Let's now take a look at visual representation of data.
This Plot
Shows Air Velocity VS Drag, Lift by the Wing without Tubercles
This Plot
Shows Air Velocity VS Drag, Lift by the Wing with Tubercles
As you can see from above two plots; the wing with tubercles generates
more lift and less drag.
This Plot
Shows Air Velocity VS Lift Generated by the Wings
The green line represents the Lift generated by the wing with tubercles.
It is between two to six percent more at each velocity.
This Plot
Shows Air Velocity VS Drag Generated by the Wings
The green line represents the Drag generated by the wing with tubercles.
It is around twenty two percent less at each velocity.
This Plot
Shows Air velocity VS Lift to Drag Ratio
It is clear from this plot that Lift to Drag ratio of the wing with
tubercles is around thirty three percent more for the wing without tubercles at
a velocity point.
This
Plot Shows Air Flow around the Wings at 150 Km/h from the Right Side
This
Plot Shows Air Flow around the Wings at 150 Km/h
The Need
for Tubercles
In aviation there are four forces at play, Lift which over comes Weight
and Thrust which overcomes Drag. For a cruise speed at a particular altitude,
three of these forces are almost constant. Our goal is to minimize Thrust, Drag
and Weight and maximize Lift, this is because Thrust costs in terms of fuel
flow rate and Weight and Drag negatively impacts on the agility of the aircraft.
Aerodynamically efficient Wings and/or Blades with "Tubercles" will not
only increase Lift and but also decrease Drag. This all means that we will need
less Thrust for a cruise speed than before, that results in savings in terms of
fuel which will result in healthier environment.
Applications:
Canal
Turbine Concept
It's a concept I am currently working on, so far I gave made a CAD model
(renderings attached) of it in SolidWorks and analyzed it using its built in
CFD module.
There are many advantages of canal turbines over wind turbines,
prominent one's being:
Unidirectional flow
Water flows
in one direction in a canal so we don't need pitch and yaw control surfaces.
That simplifies the design process and reduces weight.
Constant flow rate
We (humans)
control water flow rate through canals and it's almost same all year, so we
don't have to worry about blade aero foil design to suit variable/abruptly
variable flow rate, that makes design process further straight forward.
Large Electricity potential
Canals are
100s of km long, imagine the electricity potential in the canals. You can put these
turbines in irrigation canals and it'll power nearby villages and all the
irrigation equipment etc.
Higher
Power/Discharge Ratio
Water is ~816
times dense (powerful) than air, so for the same discharge (flow) rate we get
potentially 816 times more power. Which means more we can make designs that are
lighter, smaller and easier to manage and maintain.
Easy
maintenance
Fitted less than ~1 m deep inside the canal and can be
retracted for maintenance at ground level, making maintenance very easy or
better yet, we can maintain them while canals are being cleaned.
